# Proxmark 3
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## Attacking RFID Systems with Proxmark3 The first thing you need to do is to have a [**Proxmark3**](https://proxmark.com) and [**install the software and it's dependencie**](https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/wiki/Kali-Linux)[**s**](https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/wiki/Kali-Linux). ### Attacking MIFARE Classic 1KB It has **16 sectors**, each of them has **4 blocks** and each block contains **16B**. The UID is in sector 0 block 0 (and can't be altered).\ To access each sector you need **2 keys** (**A** and **B**) which are stored in **block 3 of each sector** (sector trailer). The sector trailer also stores the **access bits** that give the **read and write** permissions on **each block** using the 2 keys.\ 2 keys are useful to give permissions to read if you know the first one and write if you know the second one (for example). Several attacks can be performed ```bash proxmark3> hf mf #List attacks proxmark3> hf mf chk *1 ? t ./client/default_keys.dic #Keys bruteforce proxmark3> hf mf fchk 1 t # Improved keys BF proxmark3> hf mf rdbl 0 A FFFFFFFFFFFF # Read block 0 with the key proxmark3> hf mf rdsc 0 A FFFFFFFFFFFF # Read sector 0 with the key proxmark3> hf mf dump 1 # Dump the information of the card (using creds inside dumpkeys.bin) proxmark3> hf mf restore # Copy data to a new card proxmark3> hf mf eload hf-mf-B46F6F79-data # Simulate card using dump proxmark3> hf mf sim *1 u 8c61b5b4 # Simulate card using memory proxmark3> hf mf eset 01 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f # Write those bytes to block 1 proxmark3> hf mf eget 01 # Read block 1 proxmark3> hf mf wrbl 01 B FFFFFFFFFFFF 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f # Write to the card ``` The Proxmark3 allows to perform other actions like **eavesdropping** a **Tag to Reader communication** to try to find sensitive data. In this card you could just sniff the communication with and calculate the used key because the **cryptographic operations used are weak** and knowing the plain and cipher text you can calculate it (`mfkey64` tool). ### Raw Commands IoT systems sometimes use **nonbranded or noncommercial tags**. In this case, you can use Proxmark3 to send custom **raw commands to the tags**. ```bash proxmark3> hf search UID : 80 55 4b 6c ATQA : 00 04 SAK : 08 [2] TYPE : NXP MIFARE CLASSIC 1k | Plus 2k SL1 proprietary non iso14443-4 card found, RATS not supported No chinese magic backdoor command detected Prng detection: WEAK Valid ISO14443A Tag Found - Quiting Search ``` With this information you could try to search information about the card and about the way to communicate with it. Proxmark3 allows to send raw commands like: `hf 14a raw -p -b 7 26` ### Scripts The Proxmark3 software comes with a preloaded list of **automation scripts** that you can use to perform simple tasks. To retrieve the full list, use the `script list` command. Next, use the `script run` command, followed by the script’s name: ``` proxmark3> script run mfkeys ``` You can create a script to **fuzz tag readers**, so copying the data of a **valid card** just write a **Lua script** that **randomize** one or more random **bytes** and check if the **reader crashes** with any iteration.
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